This study examined the ability of two enrichment mechanisms, bioencapsulation or/and attachment to the body surface of ARTEMIA nauplii (ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA) with two isolated Bacillus probiotics. The probiotics tested were Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus lechiniformis delivered at two concentrations (103 and 106 cells/ml). Results show that both species of bacteria could be bioencapsulated into and attached to ARTEMIA successfully. For all treatments, the attachment of probiotic to ARTEMIA increased, while bioencapsulated probiotic into ARTEMIA decreased over time. With bacteria at 106 cells/ml, attachment levels reached 2.3±0.2×103 CFU/nauplius for B. subtilisand 3.2±0.1×103 CFU/nauplius for B. lechiniformis occurred. When nauplii were exposed to the probiotic bacteria at 106 cells/ml, maximum bioencapsulation levels were 4.2±0.2×103 CFU/nauplius with B. subtilis and 4.1±0.2×103 CFU/nauplius with B. lechiniformis.

The effects of exposure to Zinc and Copper in developing from nauplius to adult stages in two species, A. urmiana and A. FRANCISCANA were studied. The growth and lifespan of the specimens under treatments also have been investigated. During the period of the experiments, both species of ARTEMIA were exposed by Zinc-treated groups (23, 68, 114 mg/l) and also copper-treated groups (13, 25, 38 mg/l) and compared with control group without any metal treatment. However, in treatments with Zinc and Copper concentrations, lifespan was reduced in comparison with that of the control treatments. Results showed that Zinc and Copper have toxic effects on A. urmiana and A. FRANCISCANA. Although the resistance of both of them was high, but A. urmiana was more endure than A. FRANCISCANA. It is, suggested that the two ARTEMIA species might have adopted a strategy to speed up growth and reproduce before metal pollution can cause death for them. Also, this study indicated that Zinc was less toxic than Copper for the two species investigated.

For enrichment of adult ARTEMIA, ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA, Spari Selco emulsifier, prepared from Belgium, were used in 10 specimens per ml at different concentration of 0.5, 1 and 2 g/l during 3 hours. During the study all chemico- physical factors such as water temperature, salinity and light were constant. Significant differences (P<0.05). were observed in ihe amounts of the fatty acids linoleic(18:2n6), linolenic(16: 1n-6), arachidonic (20: 4n6), eicosapentaenoic (20: 5n3) and docosahexaenoic (22: 6n3) for enriched adult at 2 g/l concentration of Spari selco compared with enriched adult at 1 and 0.5 g/l concentration. On the other hand the results showed that more concentration with significant differences (P<0.05) of amount of total Fatty Acids ω3, Fatty Acids ω6 and unsaturated Fatty Acids(HUFAs) at 2 g/l, when compared with the other samples. The results also indicated that 2 g/l concentration is the optimum level for the unsaturated Fatty acids in the adult ARTEMIA.

ARTEMIA, a small crustacean, with high commercial value is a valuable model organism for researchers. This creature by tolerating extreme range of different environmental conditions is dispersed to more than 600 and 18 sites over the world and Iran, respectively. Tashk Lake is one the natural parthenogenetic ARTEMIA habitat in Iran. Due to occurrence of an unknown bisexual ARTEMIA in Tashk Lake, the species of this un-endemic ARTEMIA was researched. In this regard, four different molecular markers as Na/K ATP-ase, 12S-16S by PCR-RFLP technique and COI and HSP26 by sequencing and subsequent Genbank data were studied. The conducted analyses as long as emphasizing to ability of molecular techniques for identifying unknown species characterized the new population asA. FRANCISCANA. These analyses also revealed a molecular diversity between the sequenced genes with the data found in the Genbank.

In the stages of fish rearing, one of the most important subjects is supplying food with high quality for larva. This food must be easily accepted and diegested with fish larva. Today, widely used live food, especially nauplius of ARTEMIA enriched with different materials is applied in the early stages of nutrition of many fish and shrimp species. Fluoride is one of the important minerals that reaches to human from drinking water and seafood such as shrimp and fish and is necessary for strengthen of teeth and bones. In this study, ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA (A. FRANCISCANA) was enriched with sodium fluoride in the Shahid Dr Beheshti Hatchery. ARTEMIA cysts after removing the shell and 30 hours after the hatching were in Instar II stage. In this stage, they were enriched with sodium fluoride concentrations 40 and 80 and 160 mg/L and control (no enrichment), each with three replicates. Sampling from controls and exposed treatments was done 2, 4 and 6 hours after enrichment. Then samples froze and ashed in a furnace. The ashes treated with sodium hydroxide and fluoride was determined using potentiometric method through ion selective electrode. According to Duncan test results, interaction between time and fluoride concentration is significant (p<0.01).All of the enriched treatments showed statistically significant differences with control. Most absorption of sodium fluoride was observed at 40 mg/L treatment after 2 hours. Death of Nauplius ARTEMIA was observed in the dose of 160 mg/L and in this concentration, intake of fluoride was not selective. Also, after 2 hours exposure till 6 hours, the concentration of fluoride was reduced in ARTEMIA that is probably due to excretion of fluoride from the body. Based on the obtained results, concentration of 40 mg/L Sodium fluoride with the time of 2 hours exposure is the best dose to enrich ARTEMIA with fluoride.

The actinomycetes are common soil gram positive bacteria and are best known for their ability to produce unusual metabolites which have antibiotic and cytotoxic properties. Also it is documented that actinomycetes can be isolated from marine habitats. The purpose of this work has been to screen the actinomycetes with cytotoxic activity, ftom corals and sponges from lark Island in Persian Gulf. In this research work cytotoxic activity of actinomycetes has been studied by use of Brine Shrimp lethal test on ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA then the results has been compared with those obtained from ARTEMIA urmiana and the results shows that marine actinomycetes culture's have% 14/75 cytotoxic activity. The result of statistical study has shown the correlation of the two species as follows: (r=0/98 and P<0/01). Therefore this result indicates that ARTEMIA urmiana could be used instead of ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA.  

This research was conducted to investigate the lethality concentration of Cadmium and Lead in species ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA in laboratory conditions. ARTEMIA was fed individually from the micro Algae Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis oculata for seven days. Among the heavy metals, Cadmium and Lead, are oil pollution indicators and industrial activities in the marine ecosystem, Therefore, the type of response of these organisms to contaminants such as Lead and Cadmium, due to its increasing contamination, is very important. In this study, ARTEMIA was exposed to 10 concentrations of (120 to 230 mg / L and one control group), Cadmium, and Lead. LC5024h for ARTEMIA fed with micro Algae Isochrysisis galbana and Nannochloropsis oculata in the vicinity of Cadmium was 170 mg / L and 189 mg / L, respectively, and for the Lead metal in ARTEMIA fed with both types of microalgae Equal to 180 mg/liter was obtained. The results of this study showed that Cadmium toxicity in ARTEMIA fed with microalgae I. galbana was higher than that of Lead, but the Lead toxicity of N. oculata. fed with ARTEMIA was higher than that of Cadmium.